Based on ethno-graphic linguistic distributions, they suggested that the two areas were occupied by Northern Uto-Aztecan groups during Middle Ho-locene times. 5,100 to 4,500 CYBP) of Olivella Grooved Rectangle (OGR) beads inspired Howard and Raab (1993) to propose the existence of a Middle Holocene interaction sphere connecting coastal southern California and the northwestern Great Basin, a distance of more than 1,200 kilometers. We agree with Howard and Raab (1993) that an interaction sphere, which we herein designate the Middle Holocene Western Nexus, connected coastal southern California and the north-western Great Basin during the Middle Holocene, Abstract The distribution and dating (ca. Additional lines of evidence supporting a southern California/northwestern Great Basin interaction sphere have recently been identified, including stone spheres found in both coastal southern California and Oregon and large bifacial blades of exotic materials, including one obsidian specimen from Orange County sourced to the northwestern Great Basin (Macko et al. 2007) proposed that the OGR type might reflect the move-ment of the Takic Gabrielino (Tongva) ca. It was also suggested (Howard and Raab 1993 Vellanoweth 1995, 2001 Raab and Howard 2002) that OGR beads are Uto-Aztecan marker artifacts in western North America, and Raab et al. Raab and Howard 2002) suggested the existence of a socioeconomic interaction sphere encompassing southern California (excluding the Chumash region) and the western and northern Great Basin (Figure 1).
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